Criminal Justice 439 – Homeland Security (CJ 439) Practice Test

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• Which organization's creation was a reaction to criticism about laws affecting personal freedoms?
• What term is used when a hazard actually turns into a risk?
• Which agency would be tasked with responding to a Category 5 hurricane in the United States?
• Which definition best describes ethnonationalism?
• What does the all-hazards Umbrella refer to?
• What is a key function of bio-surveillance in the context of homeland security?
• Which kind of options may help in negotiating peace or calming tensions after a domestic incident?
• What legislative act caused widespread opposition due to civil liberties concerns in early American history?
• According to counterterrorist experts, what is a crucial aspect of practical security objectives?
• What model did local law enforcement agencies start integrating into their operational procedures after the September 11 attacks?
• Which department operates as the primary entity for managing immigration and border security in the U.S.?
• What threat does the Tri-Border Area pose to the United States?
• Which tier of government is most capable of coordinating efficient response and recovery management among different levels of authority?
• What are consortia of regional governing bodies that enhance collaboration among their members called?
• What was a result of Homeland Security Presidential Directive 5?
• What is the term used to describe efforts by the government to make potential terrorist targets more difficult to attack?
• What happened to the number of personnel in Intelligence Community (IC) agencies after the Cold War?
• What is one of the main principles outlined in NIMS?
• Which law enforcement agency was reassigned to TSA from Immigration and Customs Enforcement?
• Which term describes the "copy-catting" phenomenon among terrorists?
• Which measure is considered essential for protecting critical infrastructure?
• Which of the following objectives is NOT typically part of intelligence collection?
• What is a challenge faced in improving aviation security?
• Which agency is tasked with designing and launching America’s intelligence satellites?
• What document did HHS publish in 2007 to assist in integrating medical and health resources for large-scale emergencies?
• Which post 9/11 conspiracy theory claimed that former President Obama was not born in the United States?
• The acquisition by American police of armored vehicles, submachine guns, and nonlethal grenades are part of a policy trend many have deemed ______.
• What type of terrorism is characterized by political violence conducted by groups with fervent faith in their cause?
• What type of evidence collection utilizes information from publicly available sources?
• What does the fight against terrorism through international law depend on?
• What is an attribute of the Old Terrorism?
• What is the name of the satellite surveillance network managed by the National Security Agency?
• Why was the National Counterterrorism Center established?
• Besides screening passengers, what other duties does the TSA perform?
• The U.S. government completely revamped domestic homeland security after which event?
• Which mission from the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report addresses preventing an attack by sea?
• Which of the following best describes the mood of the public during periods referred to as Red Scares?
• Traditionally, which mode of transportation has been targeted more frequently by terrorists?
• What three DHS agencies are responsible for securing our borders?
• What is the name of the active-shooter protocol adopted by many U.S. business facilities and educational campuses?
• What is one of the duties of the Private Sector Office of the DHS?
• How is biometric technology utilized in surveillance and security?
• Which document provides context for how the whole community works together in response efforts?
• Which branches of the armed services can be deployed domestically to restore law and order despite the Posse Comitatus Act?
• Which tier of authority provides immediate police, fire, and medical emergency assistance?
• What was a significant public response to the numerous laws passed to address security concerns in the early 20th century?
• Which government entity often collaborates with private sectors under the National Infrastructure Protection Plan?
• Semtex and Composite-4 are examples of what?
• Which characteristic is NOT part of the NIMS approach?
• Which scale is used for measuring the intensity of tornadoes based on damage?
• What type of extremism seeks to reform or destroy an existing system before building a new and just society?
• What considerations limit the options for dealing with domestic terrorism compared to international terrorism?
• What legislation created a Cabinet-level department focused on protecting the U.S. from terrorist attacks?
• What are Molotov cocktails examples of?
• Which of the following is an obstacle to collaboration on comprehensive homeland security?
• Due to their treatment of Iraqi detainees held at the U.S.-controlled Abu Ghraib prison, several U.S. soldiers were ______.
• What is a significant security concern for motor vehicles on public roadways?
• What is a significant concern in the public sector regarding terrorist attacks?
• What were the three major concerns of the New Left during the 1960s and 1970s?
• Which strategy focuses on improving the effectiveness and breadth of domestic intelligence?
• What does the ICS protocol require all emergency responders to do first when responding to an emergency?
• What kind of options can be generalized or are incident specific in conciliatory policies?
• What was the main purpose of the Joint Task Force-Global Network Operations?
• Which directive emphasizes the need for a unified command in the context of incident management?
• Which terrorist group is noted for a series of hijackings marking the beginning of modern aviation terrorism?
• Which of the following federal law enforcement agencies is responsible for enforcing federal criminal laws?
• Which type of evidence collection makes use of visual photography and various types of sensors?
• Which organization is primarily focused on investigating and apprehending individuals involved in immigration crime?
• Proponents of New Terrorism aim to maximize casualties to attract attention to their cause and fulfill what additional goal?
• What was one major consequence of the 9/11 attacks on homeland security policy?
• What response protocol is advised in an active shooter situation?
• What is the biggest threat that Mexican Drug cartels present to homeland security?
• In the early 1990s, what did the Intelligence Community (IC) focus its attention on?
• What does the term critical infrastructure refer to?
• Which institution is considered evil and dangerous by the Patriot movement?
• Is it possible to inspect every shipment entering the maritime jurisdiction of the United States with the correct technology?
• The Orlando Nightclub Shooting is an example of ______ and ______.
• Why was the National Infrastructure Protection Plan established?
• When do state emergency management offices usually become involved in local emergencies?
• At the core of homeland security is the concept of what?
• What is a key feature of the TSA's creation under the Aviation and Transportation Security Act?
• Which agency would approve or deny an immigrant's request for citizenship?
• What two new elements were created with the passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act?
• From the turn of the 19th century until World War II, the incidence of significant domestic unrest mostly involved labor disputes or what?
• What type of agents are defined as substances used for hostile purposes to cause disease or death?
• What was the outcome of Franklin Delano Roosevelt's establishment of the War Relocation Authority?
• What distinguishes cyberwar from hacktivism?
• Conciliation in political violence typically focuses on which strategy?
• In the context of terrorism, what does the term 'insurgency' typically refer to?
• What is the primary function of extradition treaties?
• What is the importance of lessons learned from previous incidents according to the NIMS framework?
• The USA Patriot Act was replaced in 2015 by which modified legislation?
• Why might a government choose to sponsor a terrorist group?
• What does target hardening primarily refer to in the context of security measures?
• What event ended the era of reactive planning for national emergency?
• Which group does the National Counterterrorism Center primarily serve?
• What principle established in the 2007 National Strategy for Health and Preparedness emphasizes the need for collaboration across government levels?
• What aspect of homeland security may involve national and local government collaboration?
• Beginning in the late 1960s, which nationality was the leading practitioner of international terrorism?
• During which conflict was the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus suspended?
• Are counterterrorism and antiterrorism considered to be the same?
• What did the 9/11 Commission identify as a major issue in joint intelligence operations?
• Prior to September 11, 2001, homeland security was best described as being?
• After the September 11th attacks, the focus of the Coast Guard and Customs agencies changed to what core mission?
• Which of the following statements about terrorism and transportation is true?
• What must be minimized in order to achieve effective counterterrorism strategies?
• Which category of domestic security options focuses on strengthening protective measures?
• According to a 2004 survey, what did the majority of state and local police agencies report regarding terrorism?
• Which types of weapons are considered significant threats to aviation targets alongside bombs?
• Which terrorist event led to our modern-day alignment of national response mechanisms?
• Which of the following is an example of a natural hazard?
• What piece of legislation, signed into law by President Clinton, aimed to prevent, detect, and punish acts of terrorism?
• The U.S. government rarely seeks to officially suppress or otherwise regulate media content and will only seek judicial intervention when ______.
• Is the main duty of the CIA to gather domestic intelligence?
• What term refers to periods of heightened political anxiety about perceived threats from leftist subversives?
• What is the ability to withstand and recover rapidly from deliberate attacks called?
• Who holds the role of emergency leadership as the chief executive of a state?
• What is a common method for improving security at high-risk locations?
• What was the relationship between the assailants in the 2015 San Bernardino attack and the location of the attack?
• In developing homeland security measures, assessing risks from international sources must be balanced with what critical internal focus?
• Which public-private system aims to build a secure and resilient America by preventing or mitigating terrorist attack effects?
• Does homeland security systems typically draw support away from other local priorities?
• Since the collapse of the Soviet Union, most acts of terrorism in the United States have originated from which region?
• In which time period did the First Red Scare occur?
• What type of barriers was identified by the 9/11 Commission as impacting joint intelligence work?
• During the colonial and early frontier periods of the United States, the two main external security threats came from which groups?
• Who was the Republican senator known for investigations into alleged communist activities in the U.S.?
• The Bush administration combined various homeland security duties to primarily?
• Which principle is critical in the whole-community approach to emergency management?
• What is a significant factor contributing to the globalization of political violence?
• Prior to the establishment of modern homeland security, what was the primary function of police agencies?
• Which organization's strategic plan focuses on improving emergency management through partnerships?
• What is condemned when used in any non-warfare environment?
• Which organization advocates for regionalism through interjurisdictional cooperation?
• What type of policy seeks to address the grievances of terrorist groups and their supporters?
• Which of the following is a main characteristic of the Purist Klan?
• What was the primary concern that led to the creation of the DHS Office for Civil Rights and Civil Liberties?
• Why is security for the railroad system particularly complex?
• What is the term used to describe the primary state/federal incident management activities conducted at the incident level?
• Defending the United States against terrorism threats requires coordination of military, law enforcement, intelligence assets, and what else?
• Which division of the DHS is responsible for securing transportation in collaboration with other agencies?
• The 14 core capabilities featured in the National Response Framework contain what type of tasks?
• Which entities are responsible for executing state emergency plans?
• What is the name of the program intended to help increase security for maritime containerized cargo shipped to the United States?
• Which organization plays a key role in the implementation of the National Incident Management System?
• What is often the primary goal of groups committing international acts of terrorism?
• Which of the following best defines the term “aviation security”?
• Do most terrorist attacks primarily impact the public sector over the private sector?
• What does the National Response Framework recommend creating to manage a Joint Field Office (JFO)?
• Experts estimate the number of Al-Qaeda operatives to be in the range of what figures?
• During which phase of the intelligence cycle is intelligence delivered to policy makers and military leaders?
• What is the fundamental objective of intelligence collection in homeland security?
• What is the effort to reduce loss of life and property by lessening the impact of disasters called?
• Immigration and Customs Enforcement has two main duties: investigating immigration crime and what else?
• What was one of the Phase 1 conspiracy theories of the far right?
• What do we call the elements needed to achieve the National Preparedness Goals?
• Technological hazards can be the result of human error, natural disasters, and which two other factors?
• What major policy initiative was created after the 9/11 attacks as part of homeland security efforts?
• What theory describes the emerging mode of conflict that utilizes network forms of organization and strategies suited to the information age?
• Which types of systems were targeted by Russian hackers in 2016?
• What Amendment's freedoms did citizens believe the Alien and Sedition Acts infringed upon?
• What is a common target of moralist terrorists?
• What chemical agent fills the victim's lungs with water, leading to suffocation?
• What is the main reason the Symbionese Liberation Army became infamous?
• In December 2004, the Intelligence Community was reorganized with the passage of what act?
• What is the more commonly known name of the National Commission on Terrorist Attacks Upon the United States?
• What is the organization formed by emergency management directors from all states and territories?
• What was one significant impact of the USA Patriot Act?
• The primary reason for creating the Department of Homeland Security was to enhance?
• Which agency under the Department of Homeland Security is primarily responsible for security at airports?
• Is border security primarily the responsibility of individual state governments?
• Post-9/11, what percentage of state law enforcement agencies reported an increase in personnel assigned to Joint Terrorism Task Forces?
• What U.S. government organization was behind the controversial Tempora, PRISM, and XKeyscore operations?
• What is extraordinary rendition?
• What is the concept that divides emergency response into Command, Operations, Planning, Logistics, and Finance and Administration functions?
• U.S. citizens not in the military must be tried in which court system?
• Which organization is responsible for coordinating the activities of the IC since the passage of the Intelligence Reform and Terrorism Prevention Act?
• Bubonic plague and Ebola virus are categorized as what type of agents?
• What are agreements between countries to combat terrorism called?
• Policy options for domestic security may be classified within four categories. Which is NOT one of those categories?
• What role do countermeasures play in public health preparedness?
• What happened after President George W. Bush declared the end to the military phase of Operation Iraqi Freedom?
• What occurs when emergency response institutions cannot contain the emergency event or stabilize critical services?
• Which agency absorbed the duties of INS and Border Patrol in 2003?
• What is the name of the judicial arm of the United Nations?
• What are the primary goals of ISIS regarding national borders?
• Which organization was created to provide a neutral space for emergency organizations to collaborate and discuss?
• What significant intelligence issue did George W. Bush rely on when determining Iraq’s capabilities?
• Which federal agency is responsible for the protection of the Statue of Liberty?
• Alongside preventing terrorist plans, what is another goal of counterterrorist experts?
• What was established to curb the spread of leftist sentiment during the Great Depression?
• Which type of presidential declaration triggers aid that protects property and public safety?
• The restructuring of federal agencies post-9/11 introduced new responsibilities primarily focusing on?
• What is a homeland security role of the Department of Defense?
• Does the U.S. Department of Defense differentiate between homeland security and homeland defense?
• What type of training does the Federal Emergency Management Agency provide to local officials?
• There are debates about whether practices like waterboarding, sexual degradation, environmental stress, and sleep deprivation should be defined as torture or ______.
• What does the intelligence cycle represent?
• What is the fourth critical component identified in HSPD-21 for public health and medical preparedness?
• What is a significant challenge related to the security of cargo containers?
• Which two terrorist groups are known for utilizing social networking and the Internet to spread their message and recruit members?
• Adding crash barriers at entrances to parking garages is an example of what?
• What is the primary mission of law enforcement agencies that involves deploying specialized units to crisis situations?
• What event marked the first occasion of chemical, biological, and radiological terrorism in U.S. history?
• Repressing passionate political ideas usually results in ______.
• Most lone-wolf attacks are motivated by which of the following?
• Which of the following statements best describes the "contagion effect"?
• What effect does the presence of extremists in the Tri-Border Area have on U.S. national security?
• What was produced by National Security Presidential Directive-47/Homeland Security Presidential Directive-16?
• Which entity is responsible for coordinating Joint Terrorism Task Forces?
• What is a primary goal of cyberwarfare?
• Which legislation created a new cabinet-level department on November 25, 2002?
• Which historical insurgent leader is NOT associated with national liberation?
• What was the primary motivation behind the September 11, 2001 attacks?
• Are American definitions of left and right extremism precise when describing international political violence?
• How have bona fide terrorists historically entered the United States?
• The Homeland Security enterprise includes which of the following?
• What is the most obvious scenario for terrorism involving maritime infrastructure?
• Which of the following is an attribute of the New Terrorism?
• Did Joint Terrorism Task Forces exist prior to September 11, 2001?
• FEMA's Building Science Branch offers expert guidance on what aspect of building management?
• What type of incidents does NIMS aim to manage and coordinate?
• What type of explosives often pose a significant risk to aviation security?
• What kind of intelligence does the National Imagery Agency focus on?
• Tornado intensity is reported in accordance with which scale?
• What term describes centers of specific homeland security vulnerability?
• What is the purpose of the National Intelligence Priorities Framework?
• What is the overall purpose of the Quadrennial Homeland Security Review Report (QHSR)?
• Which system is utilized to enhance collaboration among federal, state, and local governments during emergencies?
• What distinguishes the NIMS from other management systems?
• How do terrorists measure whether or not their efforts have been successful?
• Of the 200 million cargo containers that travel internationally each year, approximately how many are inspected to verify the contents?
• What type of claims does the National Flood Insurance Program (NFIP) handle?
• The FEMA NIMS document relies on which of the following components?
• Critical infrastructure includes which of the following?
• Do most lone-wolf extremists have identifiable associations with terrorist organizations?
• Which body primarily oversees the coordination of the national intelligence effort?
• Which organization is responsible for addressing immigration concerns within the Department of Homeland Security?
• What significant action did President Barack Obama take in June 2011 regarding cybersecurity?
• Under whose authority does the modern intelligence community function?
• The Aviation and Transportation Security Act of 2001 mandated that all bags be screened through what system?
• The whole-community approach to emergency management requires collaboration between which two entities?
• What major change occurred in intelligence gathering after the Cold War?
• What is one of the aims of the counterterrorist environment?
• What is a critical function of open source intelligence?
• Which type of force is often restrained during warfare to protect non-combatants?
• What are the five mission areas introduced by FEMA's National Planning Frameworks?
• Which document is essential for identifying state sponsors of terrorism?
• Approximately how many people were killed in the September 11th attacks?
• What type of functions exemplify systematic collaboration among policy planners to achieve core capabilities?
• American homeland security experts tasked with creating policies are challenged first by defining terrorism and second by the challenge of ______.
• What does the National Reconnaissance Office specialize in?
• What aspect of security is particularly vulnerable to terrorist threats in maritime operations?
• What are combatants?
• Which centers assist in planning for the 16 identified critical infrastructure sectors?
• Which type of agencies are assigned to homeland security missions for protecting critical infrastructure from terrorist attacks?
• Max Weber invented which term to describe operational arrangements for government functions?
• Which conventions specifically address the issue of hijackings?
• What is currently one of the methods for fighting New Terrorism?
• Which term is considered to be one of the "soft" policy options for dealing with extremist groups?
• When the bombing of the Alfred P. Murrah Federal Building occurred, which plan provided the framework for federal response coordination?
• What aspect of public health is critical during a mass-casualty event?
• What is the main goal of the National Security Agency (NSA)?
• With the exception of mines, how are the vast majority of terrorist bombs classified?
• What often affects a state's configuration of homeland security services?
• The National Strategy for Homeland Security published in 2002 aimed to?
• What kind of weapon was used during Ramzi Yousef's 1993 attack on the World Trade Center?
• Tropical cyclonic storms, earthquakes, tornadoes, floods, and wildland fires are all examples of what?
• Do state and local law enforcement agencies have ways to share information with federal agencies?
• What are small teams of specialists including analysts and SWAT experts called?
• Which phase of the intelligence cycle focuses on organizing and refining data?
• The Whiskey Rebellion serves as an early example of a security threat that arose from what type of dispute?
• Which term describes a large-scale emergency that results in numerous human casualties?
• Why don't all states have the same procedures and reporting responsibilities for assigning homeland security duties to their state's emergency management offices?
• Which of the following is NOT a core mission of the Department of Homeland Security?
• To whom does the BIPS provide information regarding building safety after a disaster?
• What is the primary mission of the Office of the Director of National Intelligence (ODNI)?
• Executive Order 13228 established which important entity?
• What agency administers civil aviation and regulates air traffic safety?
• In terms of national defense, why is community resilience emphasized?
• What major effect do proponents of New Terrorism hope to have on enemy populations?
• What are soft targets in the context of homeland security?
• Which federal agency is primarily responsible for domestic intelligence collection?
• What do we call the offices that are locally established to respond to an emergency incident and coordinate recovery activities?
• Which agency would assist the Coast Guard in managing oil and hazardous materials?
• Hurricane Andrew and Hurricane Katrina showed that the United States had significant deficiencies in which area?
• What are examples of conciliatory options in conflict resolution?
• What was a significant result of the intelligence community's attention on counterterrorism operations in the 1990s?
• The Fort Hood, Boston Marathon, and San Bernardino attacks show that ______.
• Which association, with over 2,000 counties as members, provides critical data to various governmental levels?
• What is one of the biggest challenges for lawmakers in the United States regarding antiterrorism laws?
• In order to be designated as a Foreign Terrorist Organization (FTO), what threat must a group's actions represent?
• The detonation of nuclear devices can cause which phenomenon that may result in grid infrastructure malfunctions?
• The primary goal of the reorganization of federal agencies after 9/11 was to?
• What is the primary goal of the Pre-Disaster Mitigation grant?
• International conventions and treaties gain the force of law in the U.S. only after what occurs?
• The AK-47 and the M16 are both examples of what?
• Insurgencies led by historical figures like Mao Zedong are examples of wars of what?
• What characteristic is commonly associated with insurgency movements?
• Which events were authorized by Woodrow Wilson during the First Red Scare?
• Which of the following is a necessary action after assessing whether a terrorist incident is likely?
• What is the primary purpose of the NIMS?
• What type of actor usually engages in hacktivism?
• The DHS's establishment was influenced by concerns over what type of threats?
• Which regions were prominent sources of left-wing domestic and international terrorist incidents between the 1960s and early 1980s?
• What type of sanctions are associated with being designated a state sponsor of terrorism?
• Those who manufacture plastic explosives often use what to tag each batch?
• Which homeland security approach relies on collaboration by all sectors and communities in society when handling emergencies?
• What was the Armed Forces for National Liberation known for?
• What do counterterrorist strategies include regarding surveillance?
• Which Department of Homeland Security agency is tasked with protecting the U.S. President?
• Which of the following best describes the relationship between NIMS and emergency management?
• The main risk from a biological attack is more likely to involve what scenario?
• Who is authorized to deploy the National Guard for emergencies and critical infrastructure security?
• What is considered the largest U.S. law enforcement agency, tasked with securing our nation's borders?
• The Office of Civil Rights and Civil Liberties of the DHS was created to address concerns regarding?
• What role does Customs and Border Protection primarily serve?
• Which agency is tasked with securing U.S. borders in addition to TSA and Coast Guard?
• The Department of Transportation works with DHS agencies to secure what?
• Is New Terrorism characterized by rigid, strictly defined chains of command?
• Which statement is true regarding firearms and terrorists?
• Perimeter controls, architectural barriers, and electronic access controls are examples of what?
• What was the name of the foiled attempt to detonate liquid explosives on transatlantic flights in late 2006?
• New legislation designed to combat terrorism has led to greater powers for which branch of government?
• To effectively mitigate threats to homeland security, after identifying potential risks, what should the DHS assess next?
• What treaty aimed to define attacks against internationally protected persons as common crimes, regardless of motives?
• What was the most serious incident of religious terrorism on U.S. soil prior to September 11, 2001?
• What is the primary focus of the National Infrastructure Protection Plan?
• Who is primarily responsible for the security implementation at airports?
• What is a condition posing potential risks called?
• What is an enemy combatant?
• Proper homeland security planning requires collaboration between the public and which other sector?
• Which government entity leads in coordinating medical preparedness strategies?
• SWAT units have been integral units within law enforcement agencies since ______.
• In emergency management, what does 'mitigation' primarily focus on?
• Which decades marked the emergence of the modern era of international terrorism as a significant security challenge?
• What type of asymmetric attack has gained popularity among terrorists since 2014?
• The May 19 Communist Organization included members from which groups?
• Which agency was the first example of national consolidation of emergency mitigation?
• Which two groups comprised the insurgency in Iraq after the overthrow of Saddam Hussein?
• What organization was created by the DHS to disseminate the new ICS protocols?
• How does the United States collaborate in the fight against transnational crime?
• What best describes 'motorized vehicle attacks' in the context of terrorism?
• Which post-9/11 law significantly enhanced government surveillance and required banks to identify sources of certain funds?
• Why does the U.S. Conference of Mayors seek homeland security funds from Congress?
• What framework encourages a collective approach to emergency management at all levels of government and the community?
• What is the approximate amount of funding disbursed by the federal government to state governments each year for emergency management?
• What principles are typically associated with the American right?
• What do the Animal Liberation Front (ALF) and Earth Liberation Front (ELF) most likely have in common?